References:
01.Voltaic Pile – Wikipedia
👉 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pile
02.Battery Development – Encyclopaedia Britannica
👉 https://www.britannica.com/technology/battery-electronics/Development-of-batteries
03.Electrochemistry Encyclopedia – Volta and the “Pile”
👉 https://knowledge.electrochem.org/encycl/art-v01-volta.htm
04.Electrochemical Society – Historical Contributions (Faraday, Daniell, Grove)
👉 https://www.electrochem.org/
05.American Chemical Society – Anatomy of a Battery
Clear scientific breakdown of battery components and their functions.
👉 https://www.acs.org/education/celebrating-chemistry-editions/2024-ccew/the-anatomy-of-a-battery.html
06.Explain That Stuff – Batteries Explained
Educational science resource detailing how batteries work and the role of each part.
👉 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/batteries.html
07.Ufine Battery – Inside a Battery Guide
Technical explanation of anode, cathode, electrolyte, separator, and casing.
👉 https://www.ufinebattery.com/blog/inside-a-battery-simple-guide-to-what-makes-it-work/
08.Large Battery – Components Inside a Lithium Battery
Research-based article on lithium-ion battery structure and materials.
👉 https://www.large-battery.com/blog/components-inside-a-lithium-battery/
09.Redway Tech – 7 Parts of a Battery
Comprehensive overview of the seven essential battery parts with scientific accuracy.
👉 https://www.redway-tech.com/what-are-the-7-parts-of-a-battery/
10.Voltaic Pile – Encyclopaedia Britannica
Comprehensive explanation of Alessandro Volta’s invention in 1800, the first true chemical battery.
👉 https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voltaic-pile
11.Electrochemistry Encyclopedia – Volta and the “Pile”
Scientific article describing Volta’s work and the principles behind the first battery.
👉 https://knowledge.electrochem.org/encycl/art-v01-volta.htm
12.Daniell Cell – Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Historical and scientific overview of John Frederic Daniell’s stable-voltage cell and its applications.
👉 https://edu.rsc.org/resources/the-daniell-cell/4014106.article
13.U.S. Department of Energy – How Lithium-ion Batteries Work
Explains the science, structure, and applications of Li-ion batteries in electronics and EVs.
👉 https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/how-lithium-ion-batteries-work
14.ScienceDirect – Nickel–Metal Hydride Batteries
Research-based overview of NiMH batteries, their chemistry, advantages, and applications in hybrid vehicles.
👉 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/nickel-metal-hydride-battery
15.Solid-State Lithium Batteries – MDPI (2025)
Comprehensive review of advances, challenges, and future perspectives of solid-state batteries.
👉 https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/3/90
16.Lithium–Sulfur Batteries – Springer Nano Research (2023)
Scholarly review on Li–S batteries, their high energy density, and commercialization challenges.
👉 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-5227-0
17.Sodium-ion Batteries – Journal of Materials Science (2025)
State-of-the-art technologies and future prospects for sodium-ion batteries as alternatives to Li-ion.
👉 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-025-10671-6
18.Hydrogen and Fuel Cells – U.S. Department of Energy (2025)
Official DOE report on hydrogen fuel cell progress, applications, and future roadmap.
👉 https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2025-01/progress-hydrogen-fuel-cells-jan2025.pdf
19.Nanobatteries – Wikipedia (NIST Research)
Overview of nanobattery technology, nanoscale design, and applications in advanced energy storage.
👉 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanobatteries
20.Lithium–Sulfur Batteries – Springer Nano Research
Scientific review of Li–S batteries, their high energy density, and commercialization challenges.
👉 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-022-5227-0
21.Sodium-ion Batteries – Journal of Materials Science
State-of-the-art technologies and future prospects for sodium-ion batteries as alternatives to Li-ion.
👉 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-025-10671-6
22.Hydrogen Fuel Cells – U.S. Department of Energy
Official DOE resource on hydrogen fuel cell technology, efficiency, and future roadmap.
👉 https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-and-fuel-cell-technologies-office
23.Bio-batteries & Nanobatteries – MDPI Batteries Journal
Research articles on bio-batteries and nanotechnology-based batteries for medical and wearable applications.
👉 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/batteries
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